Adrenaline

Therapeutic Group

Indication Dosage

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a medication commonly used in emergency medical situations. It belongs to the class of drugs known as sympathomimetics and acts as a powerful stimulant for the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is primarily administered via injection and serves as a lifesaving tool in cases of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), cardiac arrest, and profound shock. Its mechanism of action includes increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and dilating airways, thereby improving circulation and oxygen delivery throughout the body. Adrenaline's rapid onset of action and critical role in stabilizing patients with life-threatening conditions make it an indispensable component of modern emergency medicine.

Asystole/pulseless Arrest, Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: 

By IV Inj: 

• Adult: 1 Mg Every 3-5 Minutes, A 1 In 10000 (100 Micrograms/ml) Solution Is Recommended, Until Spontaneous Circulation Established, Higher Doses Of Epinephrine (up To 0.2 Mg/kg) Have Been Used For Treatment Of Specific Problems 
• Infant & Children: 0.01 Mg/kg (0.1 Ml/kg Of 1:10,000 [0.1 Mg/ml] Solution) (max 1 Mg/dose) Every 3-5 Minutes Until Spontaneous Circulation Established 

Endotracheal: 

By IV Inj: 

• Adult: 2-2.5 Mg Every 3-5 Minutes Until Spontaneous Circulation is Established, Dilute In 5-10 Ml Ns Or Sterile Water. 
• Infant & Children: 0.1 Mg/kg (0.1 Ml/kg Of 1:1000 [1 Mg/ml] Solution) (max 2.5 Mg/dose) Every 3-5 Minutes Until Spontaneous Circulation Established, Dilute In 5-10 Ml Ns Or Sterile Water. 

Control Of Bradycardia In Patients With Arrhythmias After Myocardial Infarction, If There Is A Risk Of Asystole, Or If The Patient Is Unstable And Has Failed To Respond To Atropine: 

By IV Infusion: 

• Adult: 2-10 Mcg/minute Or 0.1-0.5 Mcg/kg/ Minute (7-35 Mcg/minute In A 70 Kg Patient); Adjust According To Response 
• Infant & Children: 0.01 Mg/kg (0.1 Ml/kg Of 1:10,000 [0.1 Mg/ml] Solution) (max 1 Mg/dose) Every 3-5 Minutes As Needed. 

Bronchodilator: 

By Sc Inj: 

• Adult: 0.3-0.5 Mg (1:1000 [1 Mg/ml] Solution) Every 20 Minutes For 3 Doses. 
• Infant & Children: 0.01 Mg/kg (0.01 Ml/kg Of 1:1000 [1 Mg/ml] Solution); Max 0.5 Mg/dose) Every 20 Minutes For 3 Doses. 

Acute Anaphylaxis When There Is Doubt As To The Adequacy Of The Circulation, Angioedema (if Laryngeal Oedema Is Present): 

By Slow IV Inj: 

• Adult: 50 Micrograms, Using 0.5ml Of The Dilute 1 In 10 000 Adrenaline Injection, Dose To Be Repeated According To Response, Multiple Doses Required, Adrenaline Should Be Given As A Slow IV infusion Stopping When A Response Has Been Obtained. 

Hypotension/shock, Severe And Fluid Resistant: 

By Cont. Iv Infusion: 

• Adult: Initially 0.1-0.5 Mcg/kg/minute (7-35 Mcg/minute In A 70 Kg Patient) Adjust According To Desired Response. Children & Neonate: Initially 100 Nanograms/kg/minute, Adjusted According To Response, Higher Doses Up To 1.5 Micrograms/kg/minute Have Been Used In Acute Hypotension. 

Post-resuscitation Infusion To Maintain Cardiac Output Or Stabilize: 

By IV Infusion: 

• Infant & Children: 0.1-1 Mcg/kg/minute; Doses Less Than 0.3 Mcg/kg/minute Generally Produce Beta-adrenergic Effects And Higher Doses (more Than 0.3mcg/kg/minute) Generally Produce Alpha-adrenergic Vasoconstriction, Increase Dose To Desired Effect. 

Emergency Treatment Of Acute Anaphylaxis, Angioedema (if Laryngeal Oedema Is Present): 

By IM Inj: 

• Adult: 500 Micrograms, To Be Injected Preferably Into The Anterolateral Aspect Of The Middle Third Of The Thigh, Doses May Be Repeated Several Times If Necessary At 5 Minute Intervals According To Blood Pressure, Pulse, And Respiratory Function. 
• Children 1 Month-5 Yrs: 150 Micrograms, 
• Children 6-11 Yrs: 300 Micrograms, 
• Children Above 12 Yrs: Same As Adult

Content

Pregnancy

Caution Advised

Stability

Contra Indications

Precautions

Lactation

Side Effects